These are shown in the table below. The key complementary instrument
is 'planning land use to reduce the need for private motorised travel':
in practice, land use schemes are often designed to do the two things
at once: reduce travel and encourage modal shift from car to public transport.
|
Complementary policy instruments
|
| Type of instrument
|
Instruments to overcome financial barriers
|
Instruments to overcome political barriers
|
Instru-ments to overcome legal barriers |
Instru-ments to overcome public an stakeholder acceptability |
Instruments to compensate losers
|
Instruments to reinforce benefits
|
|
Land
use
|
Developer contribution to the financing of infrastructure
|
not applicable
|
not applicable |
not applicable |
not applicable
|
Land use planning to reduce the amount
of personal motorised travel
|
|
Attitudinal & behavioural
|
not applicable
|
not applicable
|
not applicable |
Car sharing
Carpooling |
Car sharing
Carpooling
Bike sharing |
Flexible working hours
|
|
Infrastructure
|
not applicable
|
not applicable
|
not applicable |
Barrier free mobility
Bus rapid transit
New rail stations
New and upgraded rail lines
New rail services on existing lines
Pedestrian areas
Pedestrian routes
Cycling routes |
not applicable
|
Barrier free mobility
Bus rapid transit
New rail stations
New and upgraded rail lines
New rail services on existing lines
Pedestrian areas
Pedestrian routes
Cycling routes |
|
Management of the infrastructure
|
not applicable
|
not applicable
|
not applicable |
Bus priorities
Cycle parking provision |
HOV lanes
Cycle parking provision
Cycle lanes and priorities |
Bus priorities
Cycle parking provision
Cycle lanes and priorities |
Information provision |
not applicable |
not applicable |
not applicable |
Real time passenger information
Timetable provision
Trip planning systems |
Parking guidance and information systems
Real time passenger information |
Real time passenger information
Timetable provision
Trip planning systems |
|
Pricing
|
not applicable
|
not applicable
|
not applicable |
Integrated ticketing |
Pricing to encourage low emission vehicles
|
Reduced bus fares
Vehicle ownership taxes
Private parking charges
Pricing to encourage low emission vehicles
Integrated ticketing |
Text edited at the Institute for Transport Studies,
University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT
