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 Physical restrictions
SummaryTaxonomy and descriptionFirst principles assesmentEvidence on performancePolicy contributionComplementary instrumentsReferences
Policy contribution

Contribution to key objectives

Nottingham

Zurich

Gothenburg

Freiburg

Efficiency

-1

2

1

0

Liveable streets

0

2

2

1

Protection of the environment

0

3

2

1

Equity and social inclusion

-1

2

1

2

Safety

0

3

2

1

Economic growth

0

1

1

0

Finance

-1

-2

-1

-2

1 = Weakest possible response, 5 = strongest possible positive response
-1 = Weakest possible negative response, -5 = strongest possible negative response
0 = No response

Contribution to alleviation of key problems

Problem

Nottingham

Zurich

Gothenburg

Freiburg

Congestion-related delay

-1

1

1

0

Congestion-related unreliability

-1

1

1

0

Community severance

1

2

2

1

Visual intrusion

0

2

2

1

Lack of amenity

0

1

2

1

Global warming

-1

2

1

1

Local air pollution

-1

2

1

1

Noise

-1

2

1

1

Reduction of green space

0

1

1

0

Damage to environmentally sensitive sites

0

1

1

0

Poor accessibility for those without a car

-1

3

2

2

People with mobility impairments

0

0

0

0

Disproportionate disadvantaging of particular social or geographic groups

0

2

1

1

Number, severity and risk of accidents

0

3

2

1

Suppression of the potential for economic activity in the area

0

1

1

0

1 = Weakest possible response, 5 = strongest possible positive response
-1 = Weakest possible negative response, -5 = strongest possible negative response
0 = No response

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Appropriate contexts
Physical restrictions may be more appropriate in high density business and residential areas because public transport can be supplied there by more attractive services. However, when there is still available capacity on other routes, diverted trips occur and congestion spreads out in space.

Appropriate area-types

Suitability

City centre

3

Dense inner suburb

3

Medium density suburb

2

Less dense outer suburb*

1

District centre

1

Corridor*

1

Small town*

1

Tourist town*

1

1 = Least suitable area type 5 = Most suitable area type

* Where there is a congestion problem.

Adverse side-effects
There are no significant adverse side effects which are not addressed above.

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Text edited at the Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT