Types of instrument

Overcoming financial barriers

Overcoming political barriers

Compensating losers

Reinforcing benefits

Land-use

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Parking standards for new developments

Attitudinal and behavioural

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 Measures to encourage use of alternatives to the car where overall parking supply is reduced or the cost is increased.

Measures to encourage use of alternatives to the car where overall parking supply is reduced or the cost is increased.

Infrastructure measures

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Improved public transport provision and cycle facilities

Provision of park and ride facilities

Management of the infrastructure

Reallocation of road space.

Provision of rail and bus services as well as priority for buses and cyclists on the road

Information provision

Parking and policy information.

Information on new/alternative parking locations and alternatives to the car.

Parking information System to help reduce search time.

Charging

Urban road charging.

Parking charges.