Complementary instruments  
      Table 17 - Concessionary Fare: Complementary Instruments  
      
        
          Types of instrument   | 
          Overcoming financial barriers   | 
          Overcoming political barriers   | 
          Compensating losers   | 
          Reinforcing benefits   | 
         
        
          Land-use   | 
              | 
              | 
              | 
              | 
         
        
          Attitudinal and behavioural   | 
              | 
              | 
              | 
          Individual marketing to increase take up   | 
         
        
          Infrastructure measures   | 
              | 
              | 
              | 
          New bus services   | 
         
        
              | 
              | 
              | 
              | 
          Guided bus systems   | 
         
        
          Management of the infrastructure   | 
              | 
              | 
              | 
          Bus priorities  
                  | 
         
        
          Charging   | 
          Fares increases for other users.  
              Parking charges   | 
              | 
              | 
              | 
         
        
          Compensatory   | 
              | 
              | 
              | 
              | 
         
       
       
       
        
       
      Text edited at the Institute for Transport Studies, 
        University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT 
          
      
        
        
       |