Regulatory restrictions complementary instruments

Complementary instruments

Regulatory restrictions cannot, on their own, serve to achieve all objectives or to alleviate all problems. Instead regulatory restrictions should be viewed as a potential part of an integrated set of complementary policy instruments, whereby each instrument plays a part in achieving the policy objectives or in alleviating transport problems.
Instruments may complement one another in two principal ways: firstly by overcoming each other's adverse side-effects; and secondly by re-enforcing each other's benefits. Complementary policy instruments sets out the different policy instruments which could complement regulatory restrictions.

Types of instrument	Instruments to overcome financial barriers	Instruments to overcome political barriers	Instruments to compensate losers	Instruments to reinforce benefits
Land use measures	-	Development densities including an increase in density throughout a restricted area to reduce the need to travel	-	Development mix in which homes, jobs and shops are placed close together to reduce the need to travel
-	-	-	-	Development pattern designed to encourage use of public transport
-	-	-	-	Parking standards for new development to encourage use of parking lots outside a restricted area
Attitudinal and behavioral measures	-	Telecommunications as an alternative to travel throughout a restricted area to reduce the need to travel	-	Individualised marketing
				flexible working hours
				car clubs
				ride sharing
Infrastructure measures	-	All forms of public transport and new off-street parking outside a restricted area	All forms of public transport and new off-street parking outside a restricted area	All forms of public transport and new off-street parking outside a restricted area
Management of the infrastructure	Intelligent transport systems	Parking controls,	Parking controls,	All forms of public transport, plus conventional traffic management, intelligent transport systems
		Public transport service levels	Public transport service levels
		Bus priorities	Bus priorities	Physical restrictions
		Cycle lanes and priorities	Cycle lanes and priorities	Parking controls
Information provision	-	-	-	Variable message signs and route guidance
Pricing	-	Vehicle ownership taxes exempted from restrictions	Fares structures and concessionary fares of public transport	Parking charges in a restricted area
Pricing	-	Vehicle ownership taxes exempted from restrictions		Urban road charging