 
|
Policy
contribution
|
Contribution to key objectives
|
|
Objective
|
Bologna
|
Barcelona
|
Sao Paulo
|
Athens
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
 | = Weakest
possible positive contribution, |  | = strongest
possible positive contribution |
 | = Weakest
possible negative contribution |  | = strongest
possible negative contribution |
 | =
No contribution |
|
Contribution to alleviation of key problems
|
|
Problem
|
Bologna
|
Barcelona
|
Sao Paulo
|
Athens
|
|
Congestion-related delay
|
|
|
|
|
|
Congestion-related unreliability
|
|
|
|
|
|
Community severance
|
|
|
|
|
|
Visual intrusion
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lack of amenity
|
|
|
|
|
|
Global warming
|
|
|
|
|
|
Local air pollution
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noise
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reduction of green space
|
|
|
|
|
|
Damage to environmentally sensitive sites
|
|
|
|
|
|
Poor accessibility for those without a car and those with mobility
impairments
|
|
|
|
|
|
Disproportionate disadvantaging of particular social or geographic
groups
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number, severity and risk of accidents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Suppression of the potential for economic activity in the area
|
|
|
|
|
| = Weakest
possible positive contribution, | | = strongest
possible positive contribution |
| = Weakest
possible negative contribution | | = strongest
possible negative contribution |
| =
No contribution |
Appropriate contexts
Regulatory restrictions are applicable to any city, but implementation
will be more acceptable in cities where:
- there is a critical problem of traffic congestion
- there is (or there is provision for) a good public transport network
- it is not easy to increase the road network capacity for the urban
fabric or structure
On the other hand, low traffic volume areas as is rural areas will have
little effect because these areas have little through traffic. In low
congestion areas, some retail and business may move their offices to avoid
the restrictions.
|
Appropriate area-types
|
Suitability |
|
Central business district
|
|
|
High density inner residential areas
|
|
|
Medium density residential areas
|
|
|
Low density outer suburbs, mainly residential, but possibly with
some retail, business or industrial parks
|
|
|
Isolated single occupant business sites
|
|
|
Small towns
|
|
|
Rural area
|
|
| = Least suitable
area type | | = Most suitable
area type |
Adverse side effects
The main adverse side effect in number plate restrictions is the encouragement
to buy an additional car. This is likely to increase more congestion than
there would have been without implementation. In permit systems, the extension
of the ring-shaped connecting streets on the periphery of a restricted
area would have the unfavourable side effect of accelerating and attracting
car traffic. These are measures which lead in the opposite direction to
reduction of car use principles.
|
