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Development pattern, including transport corridor-based developments designed to encourage provision and use of public transport

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Marketing campaign to encourage use of park-and-ride.

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Bus priority or Guided bus systems or even LRT/heavy-rail

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High-quality bus services

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Traffic calming and improved walking and cycling facilities for town centre to capture environmental benefits of reduced congestion

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Urban traffic control systems with transponder on buses to change signal to green.

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Safe and convenient pedestrian and cycle access to site and cycle parking.

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Maintain bus services in rural areas

High-quality bus services

Increased parking charge in the centre to raise revenues.

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Increased parking charge and reduced parking supply in the centre to capture the decongestion benefits (avoid freed up road space refilling).

Road user charging to raise revenue

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Road user charging to capture the decongestion benefits (avoid freed up road space refilling)