| Types of instrument |
Overcoming financial barriers |
Overcoming political barriers |
Compensating losers |
Reinforcing benefits |
| Land-use |
|
Pedestrianisation
to improve the environment and attract more visitors and shoppers |
|
Parking
standards for new developments |
| Attitudinal and
behavioural |
|
|
|
Individualised
marketing campaigns |
| company travel
plans to promote the use of alternatives to the car |
| Infrastructure measures |
|
|
Segregated cycle lanes |
Provision of park
and ride facilities |
| Management of the infrastructure
|
|
Reallocation of road space. |
Improved public transport provision
and cycle facilities |
Provision of rail
and bus services as well as priority
for buses and cyclists on the road |
| Information provision |
|
Parking and policy information. |
Information on new/alternative parking
regimes and alternatives to the car. |
Parking information |
| Charging |
Urban
road charging. |
|
|
Parking
charges should be more expensive than public transport fare
levels |
| Parking charges. |
