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Company travel plans
SummaryTaxonomy and descriptionFirst principles assesmentEvidence on performancePolicy contributionComplementary instrumentsReferences

Contribution to objectives and alleviation of key problems
Appropriate contexts
Adverse side-effects

The contribution each CTP outlined above makes to achieving transport policy and alleviating key problems is made below. Consideration of the contribution is made against what would have happened if there were no CTP, i.e. planning permission for expansion (and hence increased production) not granted and/or continued and possibly significant increases in road traffic and congestion.

Objective

Pfizer

Manchester Airport

Stockley Park Business Park

Nottingham City Hospital

Efficiency

2

2

1

2

Liveable streets

2

2

1

2

Protection of the environment

2

2

1

2

Equity and social inclusion

2

2

1

2

Safety

2

2

1

2

Economic growth

2

2

1

2

Finance

2

2

1

2

Urban regeneration around the site

2

2

N/a

N/a

1 = Weakest possible positive contribution, 5 = strongest possible positive contribution
-1 = Weakest possible negative contribution -5 = strongest possible negative contribution
0 = No contribution

 

Contribution to alleviation of key problems

Problem

Pfizer

Manchester Airport

Stockley Park Business Park

Nottingham City Hospital

Congestion-related delay

2

2

1

2

Congestion-related unreliability

2

2

1

2

Community severance

2

2

1

2

Visual intrusion

2

2

1

2

Lack of amenity

2

2

1

2

Global warming

2

2

1

2

Local air pollution

2

2

1

2

Noise

2

2

1

2

Reduction of green space

2

2

1

2

Damage to environmentally sensitive sites

2

2

1

2

Poor accessibility for those without a car and those with mobility impairments

2

2

1

2

Disproportionate disadvantaging of particular social or geographic groups

2

2

1

2

Number, severity and risk of accidents

2

2

1

2

Suppression of the potential for economic activity in the area

2

2

1

2


1 = Weakest possible positive contribution, 5 = strongest possible positive contribution
-1 = Weakest possible negative contribution -5 = strongest possible negative contribution
0 = No contribution

The contribution made by Pfizer, Manchester Airport and Nottingham City Hospital may be over estimated, but they are awarded two ticks to demonstrate the difference between these plans and the plan at Stockley Park.

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Appropriate contexts
There are no areas where CTPs are inappropriate as such, but implementation will be more acceptable in areas where there is a demonstrable need, i.e. areas where there is a serious congestion problem and/or high density areas where there is little space for expansion beyond the current property boundaries. If and when a more robust case can be made for the contribution of CTPs to an individual firms profitability, these constraints will no longer apply.

There is more likely to be a demonstrable need in areas with a high density of business, be this a city centre, main street in a small market town, or a suburban business park. By definition, this makes non-residential area types most appropriate. However, where businesses are located in residential areas and many employees drive to work there remains a need for a CTP. Safety of local residents, severance and liveable streets should be more significant motivators and influences on the measures implemented in such cases. Where many employees are local measures suitable for short journeys, such as those facilitating walking and cycling, may be most suitable. Where employees are not local, public transport links are likely to be needed. Appropriate Area Types indicates the areas where the need for CTPs is likely to be greatest, making them more acceptable and the areas appropriate to such work.

Appropriate area-types

Area type

Suitability

City centre

3

Dense inner suburb

3

Medium density outer suburb

2

Less dense outer suburb

1

District centre

2

Corridor

3

Small town

2

Tourist town

2


1 = Least suitable area type 5 = Most suitable area type

It should be noted that isolated single occupant business sites, or multi-occupant business, retail or leisure parks are particularly suitable, so long as public transport links to near by public transport hubs already exist or can be created as part of the CTP, or many employees travel from the same residential areas and can ride share.

Adverse side-effects
Experience in the UK and the Netherlands suggests that there are no significant side-effects resulting from CTPs. The US experience suggests that CTPs can be very unpopular amongst the business community, but this may have more to do with the way they were introduced than the CTPs per se. The implication here is that CTPs need to be introduced in a phased approach with the idea and information preceding action to avoid negative political fall out. The same principle applies within a company to maintain positive staff relations.

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Text edited at the Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT