Institute for Transport Studies (ITS)

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Professor Malachy Carey

Research Professor

Phone: +44 (0)113 34 36610 (ITS)
Room: 104
Email: m.carey@its.leeds.ac.uk_

+44 (0)2890 203 659 (Belfast)
+44 (0)7526 683 889 (Mobile)

Academic Qualifications

  • Ph.D. (Industrial Economics), University of Birmingham, England.
  • M.Soc.Sci. (Economic Planning), University of Birmingham, England.
  • B.Sc. Economics, Queen's University, Belfast.

Previous Employment

  • 2003 - 2009. Professor of Management Science, Queen's Management School, Queen's University, Belfast.
  • 1996 - 2003. Professor of Management Science, Faculty of Business and Management, University of Ulster.
  • 1991-96. Senior Lecturer in Management Science / Operations Management, Faculty of Business and Management, University of Ulster.
  • 1988-91. British Rail /Fellowship of Engineering, Senior Research Fellow. Department of Statistics, University of Oxford.
  • 1986-88. Associate Professor of Operations Research and Economics: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
  • 1978-85. Assistant Professor of Operations Research and Economics: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
  • 1977-78. Visiting Assistant Professor of Operations Research and Statistics: University of Texas, Austin, Texas.
  • 1975-77. Research Fellow: University of Birmingham (and University of Aston), England.
  • 1972-74. Lecturer II in Economics: Newcastle-upon-Tyne Polytechnic, England.
  • 1970-72. Statistician: Department of Trade and Industry, London.

 Key Research Interests

  • Mathematical modelling of transport systems.
  • Traffic network models, especially dynamics and dynamic traffic assignment.
  • Public transport planing, scheduling and timetabling, especially for rail transport.

 Teaching Experience

  • Taught a range of graduate and undergraduate courses in, operations research, operations management, economics, optimization, and quantitative methods in various universities.
  • Supervised or jointly supervised doctoral students, several of whom are now in university teaching and research posts. Also supervised many masters dissertations.

Principal Investigator

  • "Introducing lanes and lane changing in analytic dynamic modelling of congested road traffic". £290,857 (FEC £344,795) grant (EP/G051879/1) from the EPSRC for three years 2009-12.
  • "Modelling congested traffic on road networks: overcoming substantial limitations". £196,485 grant (EP/C007913/1) from the EPSRC for three years, 2006 - 2009.
  • "Predicting and planning time-varying traffic on road networks using dynamic assignment modelling". €282,437 (divided, €177,837 to Queen's & €104,600 to Trinity). Awarded by the Irish HEA (Higher Education Authority), North-South Programme for Collaborative Research - Strand 1. Jointly with Dr Margaret O'Mahony, Trinity College Dublin.
  • "Capturing time-varying link flows and their properties in road traffic network modeling". £161,565 grant (GR/R/70101) from the EPSRC for three years, Jan. 2002 - Feb 2005.
  • "A more flexible framework for modelling time-varying traffic on road networks." £127,040 grant (GR/L/80904) from the EPSRC for three years, Feb 1998 - Aug 2001.
  • "Track access planning and scheduling." £132,000 grant (GR/K/75798) from the EPSRC for three years, Jan 1996 - July 1999.
  • "Dynamic modelling for congestion pricing, and related strategies." £84,395 grant (GR/J/53171) from the EPSRC for three years, July 1994 - July 1997.
  • "Interactive scheduling and rescheduling of trains for major stations and junctions." £77,806 grant (GR/H/48033) from the SERC. 21/12/92 - 20/12/95.
  • "Developing measures of punctuality and performance for bus systems". £5,000 from N.I. Development Res. Three months in 1994.
  • "Investigation of policies to reduce traffic congestion". £6,689 from European Social Fund. June-Dec. 1993. (With W.E. McAleer).
  • "From performance monitoring to timetable design: more reliable efficient timetables for railways." £28,397 grant (GR/H/50432) from the SERC. 1/11/91 - 30/6/93.
  • "Adaptive and reliable scheduling and control: rail transportation with advanced IT." £14,675 grant (GR/H/50449) from the SERC. 1/12/91 - 30/6/92.
  • "From performance monitoring to timetable design: more reliable efficient timetables for railways." £16,155 grant (GR/F/91407) from the SERC. 1/12/90 - 31/10/91. (With two co-investigators.)
  • "Adaptive and reliable scheduling and control: rail transportation with advanced IT." £43,704 grant (GR/F/90318) from the Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC). 1/7/90 - 31/10/91. (With two co-investigators.)
  • Research equipment grants: £16,357 from The Fellowship of Engineering. 1989/90, 1991.

Other Activities

  • Associate Editor of Transportation Research B, since May 2005
    (previously member of the Editorial Advisory Board since 1994).
  • Area Editor & member of the Editorial Board, Networks and Spatial Economics , since founded in 2001.
  • Consulting Editor for Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics.
  • Member of the Peer Review College of the EPSRC (Engineering and Physical Science Research Council), for 11 years.
  • Referee for international journals in operations research, transportation, and economics and for research proposals for the UK and Hong Kong Research Councils and other bodies.
  • External examiner for PhD theses at the universities of Delft, Hong Kong, Trinity College Dublin, York, Leeds, Manchester, Sheffield, Birmingham, University of Ulster.

Publications

Published papers (peer reviewed)

1. CAREY, M. "Integrability and Mathematical Programming Models: A Survey and a Parametric Approach," Econometrica 45(8), pp. 1957-76, November 1977.

2. CAREY, M. "Optimal Allocation and Pricing when Consumer Behavior is Suboptimal," Metroeconomica 29, pp. 55-71, 1978.

3. CAREY, M., S. C. LITTLECHILD, P. G. SOLDATOS, K. VAIDYA and D. BASU, "The Birmingham Energy Model: A Long-Run Programming Model of the British Energy Sector," Economics of Planning 15(1), pp. 18-50, 1979.

4. CAREY, M. "Stability of Competitive Regional Trade with Monotone Demand/Supply Functions," Journal of Regional Science 20(4), pp. 489-501, 1980.

5. CAREY, M., C. HENDRICKSON and S. KRISHNASWAMI, "A Method for Direct Estimation of Origin/Destination Trip Matrices," Transportation Science 14(1), pp. 32-49, 1981.

6. CAREY, M., C. HENDRICKSON and S. KRISHNASWAMI, " A method for direct estimation of origin/destination trip matrices ," Transportation Science 14(1), pp. 32-49, 1981.

7. CAREY, M. "Mutually Exclusive and Collectively Exhaustive Properties of Demand Functions," Economica, 48, pp. 407-415, 1981.

8. CAREY, M. "A Survey of Energy Models," Ch. 2, pp. 21-52, in Energy Strategies for the UK, by S. C. Littlechild et al., London: Allen and Unwin, 1982.

9. CAREY, M. "The Birmingham Energy Model," Ch. 4, pp. 62-87, in Energy Strategies for the UK, by S. C. Littlechild et al., London: Allen and Unwin, 1982.

10. CAREY, M. and S. KRISHNASWAMI, "Simultaneous Estimation of Travel Demand Functions, Trip Distribution and Trip Assignment," Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Modeling and Simulation Conference, University of Pittsburgh, pp. 1481-1489, 1982.

11. CAREY, M. and C. HENDRICKSON, "Bounds on the Expected Performance of Networks with Unreliable Links," Networks 14, 439-456, 1984.

12. CAREY, M. "The Dual of the Traffic Assignment Problem with Elastic Demands," Transportation Research 19B(3), 227-237, 1985.

13. CAREY, M. " The dual of the traffic assignment problem with elastic demands ," Transportation Research 19B(3), 227-237, 1985. ( Abstract)

14. CAREY, M. and P. K. ELSE, "A reformulation of the theory of optimal congestion taxes," Journal of Transport Economics and Policy 18, 1985.

15. CAREY, M. " A constraint qualification for a dynamic traffic assignment model ," Transportation Science 20(1), 1986

16. CAREY, M. and R. REVELLI, " Constrained estimation of direct demand functions and trip matrices ," Transportation Science 20(3), 143-152, 1986.

17. CAREY, M. and S. C. LITTLECHILD, "Intertemporal benefit functions," Economic Letters 23, 1986.

18. CAREY, M. " Optimal time-varying flows on congested networks ," Operations Research 35(1), 56-69, 1987.

19. CAREY, M. " Network Equilibrium: Optimization formulations with both prices and quantities as variables ," Transportation Research 21B(1), 69-77, 1987. ( Abstract)

20. CAREY, M. and A. SRINIVASAN, "Congested traffic networks: time-varying flows and start-time policies,"European Journal of Operational Research 36, 227-240, 1988. ( Abstract)

21. CAREY, M. "Estimating Nonparametric concave functions using gradient data," European Journal of Operational Research 41(1), 73-85, 1989. ( Abstract)

22. CAREY, M. "Extending and solving a multiperiod congested network flow model", Computers and Operations Research 17(5), 495-507, 1990. ( Abstract)

23. CAREY, M. " Nonconvexity of the dynamic traffic assignment problem ", Transportation Research 26B(2), 127-133, April 1992. ( Abstract)

24. CAREY, M. and A. SRINIVASAN, " Externalities, average and marginal costs, and tolls on congested networks with time-varying flows ," Operations Research 41(1), 217-231, Jan. 1993

25. CAREY, M. and A. SRINIVASAN. " Solving a class of network models for dynamic flow control ." European Journal of Operational Research 75(1), 151-170, May/June 1994.

26. CAREY M. and A. KWIECI'NSKI. " Stochastic approximations to the effects of headways on knock-on delays of trains ." Transportation Research 28B(4), 251-267, Aug. 1994.

27. CAREY, M. " A model and strategy for train pathing with choice of lines, platforms and routes ." Transportation Research 28B(5), 333-353, Oct. 1994.

28. CAREY, M. " Extending a train pathing model from one-way to two-way track ." Transportation Research 28B(5), 395-400, Oct. 1994.

29. CAREY, M. " Reliability of interconnected scheduled services ." European Journal of Operational Research 79(1), 51-72, Nov. 1994.

30. CAREY, M. and A. KWIECI'NSKI. " Swapping the order of scheduled services to minimize expected costs of delays ." Transportation Research 28B(6), 409-428, Dec. 1994.

31. CAREY, M. and A. KWIECI'NSKI. " Properties of expected costs and performance measures in stochastic models of scheduled transport ." European Journal Operational Research 83(1), 182-199, May 1995.

32. CAREY, M. " Dynamic Congestion Pricing and the Price of FIFO ". Pages 333-350 of Urban Traffic Networks, N. H. Gartner and G. Improta (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1995. ISBN 3-540-59073-0. [A refereed selection of papers from the Second International Seminar on Urban Traffic Networks, Capri, Italy, July 1992.]

33. CAREY, M. and D. LOCKWOOD. " A model, algorithms and strategy for train pathing ". Journal of the Operational Research Society 46B(8), 988-1005, Aug. 1995. [Awarded the Operational Research Society medal (Goodeve Medal) 1996 for the best paper in the Journal of the Operational Research Society in 1995.]

34. CAREY, M., A. SRINIVASAN and R. P. STRAUSS, " Optimal consolidation of municipalities: an analysis of alternative designs ." Socio-economic Planning Sciences 30(2), 103-119, August 1996.

35. CAREY, M. " Optimizing scheduled activity times, allowing for behavioural response ." Transportation Research B 32(5), 329-342. June 1998.

36. CAREY, M., " Ex ante heuristic measures of schedule reliability ." Transportation Research B 33(7), 473-494. September 1999.

37. CAREY, M. and E. SUBRAHMANIAN, " An approach to modeling time-varying flows on congested networks ." Transportation Research B 34(3), 157-183, March 2000.

38. CAREY, M. and S. CARVILLE, " Testing schedule performance and reliability for train stations ." Journal of the Operational Research Society 51(6), 666 - 682, June 2000.

39. McCARTNEY, M. and M. CAREY, "Modelling traffic flow: solving and interpreting differential equations". Teaching Mathematics and its Applications 18(3), 115-121, 1999. (A journal of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications (IMA).)

40. McCARTNEY, M. and M. CAREY, "Modelling traffic flow; interpreting roots and applying summations". Teaching Mathematics and its Applications 19(1), 21-29. 2000.

41. McCARTNEY, M. and M. CAREY, "Follow that car! Investigating a simple class of car following model". Teaching Mathematics and its Applications 19(2), 83-87. 2000.

42. McCARTNEY, M. and M. CAREY, "Comparing mathematical models of traffic flow". Teaching Mathematics and its Applications 19(4), 183-187. 2000.

43. CAREY, M. " Dynamic traffic assignment with more flexible modelling within links ." Networks and Spatial Economics 1(4), 349-375. Sept. 2001. (Special issue on "Foundations of Dynamic Traffic Assignment").

44. CAREY, M. and M. McCARTNEY, " Behaviour of a whole-link travel time model used in dynamic traffic assignment ." Transportation Research 36B(1), 83-95, Jan. 2002.

45. GE. Y.E. and M. CAREY (2002). Link outflow rate computing under continuous dynamic loads ." Pages 770-777 in Traffic and Transportation Studies, Proceedings of ICTTS2002, July 23-25, 2002, Guilin, China. Edited by K. C. P. Wang, G. Xiao, L.Nie and H. Yang, published by ASCE, Virginia.

46. WIE, B.-J., R.L. TOBIN and M. CAREY, " The existence, uniqueness and computation of an arc-based dynamic network user equilibrium formulation ." Transportation Research 36B(10), 897-918, Dec. 2002.

47. CAREY, M, Y.E. GE and M. McCARTNEY, " A whole-link travel-time model with desirable properties ." Transportation Science 37B(1), 83-96, 2003.

48. CAREY, M. and S. CARVILLE, " Scheduling and platforming trains at busy complex stations ." Transportation Research 37A(3), 195-224, 2003.

49. CAREY, M. and M. McCARTNEY, " Pseudo periodicity in a travel-time model used in dynamic traffic assignment ." Transportation Research 37B(9), 769-792, 2003.

50. CAREY, M. and Y. E. GE, " Comparing whole-link travel time models used in DTA ." Transportation Research 37B(10), 905-926, 2003.

51. CAREY, M. and D. WATLING, " Introduction to a Special Issue on dynamic traffic assignment ," Networks and Spatial Economics 3(3, 403-406, 2003. (Due to a printing error, appears in Issue 3(4) of the journal.)

52. CAREY, M. and M. McCARTNEY, " An exit-flow model used in dynamic traffic assignment ." Computers & Operations Research 31, 1583-1602, 2004.

53. CAREY, M. "Link travel times I: desirable properties" Networks and Spatial Economics 4(3), 257-268, 2004.

54. CAREY, M. " Link travel times II: properties derived from traffic-flow models ." Networks and Spatial Economics 4(4), 379-402, 2004.

55. CAREY, M. and Y.E. GE, " Efficient discretisation of link travel time models used " Networks and Spatial Economics 4(3), 269-290, 2004.

56. CAREY, M. and Y.E. GE, " Convergence of whole-link travel time models used in DTA ." Transportation Science 39(1), 25-38, Feb 2005.

57. CAREY, M. and Y.E. GE, " Alternative conditions for a well-behaved travel-time model ." Transportation Science 39(3), 417-428, Aug 2005.

58. CAREY, M. and I. CRAWFORD, " Scheduling trains on a network of busy complex stations ". Transportation Research Part B 41(2), Feb 2007, 159-178. Special Issue on Advanced Modelling of Train Operations in Stations and Networks.

59. CAREY, M. and Y. GE, " Retaining desirable properties in discretising a travel-time model ". Transportation Research Part B(41), 540-553, 2007.

60. CAREY, M., A framework for user equilibrium dynamic traffic assignment. Journal of the Operational Research Society 60, 395-410, 2009.

61. MOUNCE, R. and M. CAREY (2009). Route swap processes and convergence measures in dynamic traffic assignment. Pages 105-130 in New Developments in Transport Planning: Advances in Dynamic Traffic Assignment. Eds. C.M.J. Tampère, F. Viti and L.H. (Ben) Immers. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA.  [Selected refereed papers from the Second International Symposium on Dynamic Traffic Assignment (DTA2008) held in Leuven, June 18-20, 2008.]

62. MOUNCE, R. and M. CAREY. Route swapping in dynamic traffic networks. Transportation Research Part B, 45(1), 102-111, 2011.

63. CAREY, M. and Y.E. GE, Comparison of methods for path flow reassignment for dynamic user equilibrium.  Networks and Spatial Economics 12(3), 337-376, 2012.

64. CAREY, M. and M. BOWERS. A review of properties of flow-density functions. Transport Reviews 32(1), 49-73, 2012.

65. CAREY, M. and D. WATLING. Dynamic traffic assignment approximating the kinematic wave model: system optimum, marginal costs, externalities, tolls. Transportation Research Part B 46(5), 634-648, 2012.

Papers currently with journals

66. MOUNCE, R. and CAREY, M. Convergence of the method of successive averages applied to calculating traffic equilibria. In final revisions for Transportation Science.

67. Carey, M., C. Balijepalli and D. Watling. Ensuring first-in-first-out in the cell transmission model and other exit flow models. Submitted to Transportation Research Part B.

68. Carey, M., C. Balijepalli and D. Watling. Extending the cell transmission model to multiple lanes and lane-changing. Forthcoming in Networks and Spatial Economics.

69. Carey, M., P. Humphreys and R. McIvor (2012). Extending models for travel-time, dynamic network loading and assignment, to eliminate violations of first-in-first-out and violations of capacities.  Submitted to Transportation Research Part B.

Papers in progress

69. CAREY, M. and R. MOUNCE. Convexity of flow density functions. In progress.

70. CAREY, M. Travel-time models with and without homogeneity over time.

71. CAREY, M. and Y. GE, A class of perceived travel time models taking into account information quality and individual interpretation abilities. Research Report, Queen's University, Belfast.

72. CAREY, M. A user equilibrium traffic assignment model based on approximating the LWR model.

73. CAREY, M. (2006-7). Introducing multiple lanes and lane-changing using a finite difference approximation to the hydrodynamic model. Research Report, Queen's University, Belfast.

74. CAREY, M. (2007). Modelling lane-changing, in discrete time and space, by extending the CTM. Research Report, Queen's University, Belfast, BT7 1NN.

75. MOUNCE, R. and M. CAREY (2008). Lane changing in dynamic traffic networks. Research Report, School of Management, Queen's University, Belfast.

76. CAREY, M. "A framework for system optimal dynamic traffic assignment". Research Report (draft).

77. CAREY, M. "A restricted system optimal dynamic traffic assignment". Research Report (draft).

78. CAREY, M. "A framework for dynamic user equilibrium assignment with constant link costs and queues". 37 page draft Research Report.

79. CAREY, M. "Externalities and tolls for dynamic assignment with constant link costs and queues". 24 page draft Research Report.

80. CAREY, M. "Comparing localised traffic control policies in a (linear) dynamic traffic assignment model". 27 page draft Research Report.

Rail and trains :

81. CAREY, M. and S. CARVILLE, "Heuristic measures of schedule reliability for busy stations". 26 page draft Research Report.

82. CAREY, M. and I. CRAWFORD, "Improving train scheduling for lines with multiple busy stations".

83. CAREY, M. and I. CRAWFORD, "Experiments with scheduling algorithms for a train corridor with busy complex stations".

84. CAREY, M. and S. CARVILLE, "Faster methods for scheduling trains at busy complex stations".

Also, more than 30 Research Reports

[updated February 2012]

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